Each diet has its followers that claim to be the best. However the
beauty of having an idea of the pros and cons of each diet is that
you are able to fuse in between them and produce your own customized diet that is suitable for your needs, schedule, budget and purposes.
Calorie restriction
Calorie
restriction (CR), or caloric restriction, is a dietary
regimen that is based on low calorie intake.
"Low" can
be defined relative to the subject's previous intake before
intentionally restricting calories, or relative to an average person
of similar body type.
Calorie restriction without malnutrition has
been shown to work in a variety of species, among them yeast, fish,
rodents and dogs to decelerate the biological aging process,
resulting in longer maintenance of youthful health and an increase in
both median and maximum lifespan.
The
life-extending effect of calorie restriction however is not shown to
be universal.
In
humans the long-term health effects of moderate CR with sufficient
nutrients are unknown.
Two
main lifespan studies have been performed involving nonhuman primates
(rhesus monkeys). One, begun in 1987 by the National Institute
on Aging, published interim results in August 2012 indicating that CR
confers health benefits in these animals, but did not demonstrate
increased median lifespan; maximum lifespan data are not yet
available, as the study is still ongoing.
A second study by the
University of Wisconsin beginning in 1989 issued preliminary lifespan
results in 2009, and final results in 2014.
It found that
CR primates were only 36.4% as likely to die from age-related causes
when compared with control animals, and had only 56.2% the rate of
death from any cause. READ MORE
Low-carbohydrate diet
Low-carbohydrate
diets or low-carb diets are dietary programs that
restrict carbohydrate consumption, often for
the treatment of obesity or diabetes.
Foods
high in easily digestible carbohydrates (e.g., sugar, bread, pasta)
are limited or replaced with foods containing a higher percentage
of fats and
moderate protein (e.g., meat, poultry, fish, shellfish, eggs, cheese,nuts,
and seeds) and other foods low in carbohydrates (e.g.,
most salad vegetables such as spinach, kale, chard and
collards), although other vegetables and fruits (especially berries)
are often allowed.
The amount of carbohydrate allowed varies with
different low-carbohydrate diets.
Such
diets are sometimes 'ketogenic' (i.e., they restrict carbohydrate
intake sufficiently to cause ketosis). The induction
phase of the Atkins diet is ketogenic.
The
term "low-carbohydrate diet" is generally applied to diets
that restrict carbohydrates to less than 20% of caloric intake, but
can also refer to diets that simply restrict or limit carbohydrates
to less than recommended proportions (generally less than 45% of
total energy coming from carbohydrates).
Low-carbohydrate
diets are used to treat or prevent some chronic diseases and
conditions, including cardiovascular disease, metabolic
syndrome, high blood pressure, and diabetes. READ MORE
Veganism
Veganism is
both the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products,
particularly in diet, and an associated philosophy that rejects
the commodity status of animals. A follower of veganism is
known as a vegan.
Distinctions
are sometimes made between several categories of veganism.
Dietary
vegans (or strict vegetarians) refrain from consuming animal
products, not only meat but also eggs, dairy products and other
animal-derived substances; this is known as a vegan or entirely
plant-based diet.
The term ethical vegan is often
applied to those who not only follow a vegan diet but extend the
philosophy into other areas of their lives, and oppose the use of
animals for any purpose.
Another term is environmental
veganism, which refers to the avoidance of animal products on the
premise that the harvesting or industrial farming of animals is
environmentally damaging and unsustainable.
The
term vegan was coined in 1944 by Donald Watson when
he co-founded the Vegan Society in England, at first to
mean "non-dairy vegetarian" and later "the doctrine
that man should live without exploiting animals.
" Interest
in veganism increased in the 2010s. Vegan options became increasingly
available in many countries, including in supermarkets and chain
restaurants.
Vegan
diets tend to be higher in dietary fibre, magnesium, folic acid,
vitamin C, vitamin E, iron and phytochemicals, and lower in calories,
saturated fat, cholesterol, long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin
D, calcium, zinc and vitamin B12.
Well-planned vegan diets can
reduce the risk of some types of chronic disease, including
heart disease, and are regarded as appropriate for all stages of
the life-cycle by the American Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics,
the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council, and
Dietitians of Canada.
Because uncontaminated plant foods do not
provide vitamin B12 (which is produced
by microorganismssuch as bacteria), researchers
agree that vegans should eat B12-fortified foods or take a
supplement. READ MORE
Juice fasting
Juice
fasting, also known as juice cleansing, is a
controversial fasting method and a detox diet in
which a person consumes only fruit andvegetable juices to
obtain nutrition while otherwise abstaining from food consumption.
Juice fasts may last anywhere from a few days to several weeks. The
juice consumed during a juice fast is not the type commercially
available, but rather that produced from freshly juiced fruits
and vegetables. READ MORE
Master Cleanse
Master
Cleanse is a modified juice fast that permits no food,
substituting tea and lemonade made with maple
syrup and cayenne pepper.
Proponents claim that the
diet detoxifies the body and removes excess fat.
There is
no scientific evidence that the diet removes any toxins, or that it
achieves anything beyond temporary weight loss.
Though
unlikely to be harmful over the short term, Master Cleanse and
similar programs can be harmful over the long term.
Short term side
effects include fatigue, nausea, dizziness,
and dehydration, while long term harm includes loss of muscle
mass and increased risk of heart attack. READ MORE
Alkaline diet
Alkaline
diet (also known as the alkaline ash diet, alkaline
acid diet, acid ash diet, and the acid alkaline diet)
describes a group of loosely related diets based on the belief that
certain foods can affect the acidity and pH of
bodily fluids, including the urine or blood, and can
therefore be used to treat or prevent diseases.
Due to the lack of
human studies supporting any benefits of this diet, it is generally
not recommended by dietitians and other health professionals.
The
relationship between diet and acid-base homeostasis, or the
regulation of the acid-base status of the body, has been studied for
decades, though the medical applications of this hypothesis have
largely focused on changing the acidity of urine.
Traditionally, this
diet has advocated for avoiding meat, poultry, cheese,
and grains in order to make the urine more alkaline (higher
pH), changing the environment of the urine to prevent
recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) and kidney
stones (nephrolithiasis).
However, difficulties in effectively
predicting the effects of this diet have led to medications,
rather than diet modification, as the preferred method of changing
urine pH.
The "acid-ash" hypothesis has been considered a
risk factor for osteoporosis by various scientific
publications, though more recently, the available weight of
scientific evidence does not support this hypothesis.
The
term "alkaline diet" has also been used by alternative
medicine practitioners, with the proposal that such diets treat
or prevent cancer, heart disease, low energy levels as well
as other illnesses.
These claims are not supported by medical
evidence and make incorrect assumptions about how alkaline diets
function that are contrary to modern understanding of
human physiology. READ MORE
High-protein diet
A high-protein
diet is often recommended by bodybuilders and nutritionists to
help efforts to build muscle and lose fat.
It should not be confused
with low-carb diets such as the Atkins Diet,
which are not calorie-controlled and which often contain large
amounts of fat.
While
adequate protein is required for building skeletal
muscle and other tissues, there is ongoing debate regarding the
use and necessity of high-protein diets in anaerobic exercise,
in particular for weight training and bodybuilding. READ MORE
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